JSGE 16(2/3) Winter 2005
نویسنده
چکیده
ing have generally indicated that the family plays an important and positive role in the development of talents and potentials of gifted children (e.g., Bloom, 1985; Csikszentmihalyi, Rathunde, & Whalen, 1993; Klein & Tannenbaum, 1992; Olszewski, Kulieke, & Buescher, 1987; Piirto, 1999; Smutny, 1998). Specifically, in nurturing creativity of gifted children, the family could provide the environmental context that stimulates or sparks creativity, rewards creative ideas and behaviors, and evaluates creative products (e.g., Sternberg & Lubart, 1993). Yet, gifted children identified by conventional intellectual measures do not typically grow up to become eminent creative producers (see Olszewski-Kubilius, 2000; Subotnik & Steiner, 1994; Terman, 1925). In this connection, Albert (1978, 1994) has provided a plausible explanation. He distinguished scholastic achievers, who typically come from cohesive and child-centered families, from creative achievers, who typically come from families with tense relationships, unconventional parenting, and parental dysfunction or loss. Accordingly, the less harmonious family conditions can motivate gifted children to obtain power, which results in creativity. Indeed, other reasearchers have further suggested that disharmony and a stressful home environment can be highly motivating, and despite the disturbance, it would not be devastating if there were strong supportive elements in the family (see Olszewski-Kubilius, Kulieke, & Buescher, 1987). In the same vein, Russell (1979) suggested that families that managed situational and developmental crises successfully would be higher in nurturing creativity than families that were less successful in handling crises. Csikszentmihalyi et al. (1993) also suggested that it was not stress alone, but more likely a balance of stress and support within the fam-
منابع مشابه
Analysis on Awareness of Functional Dyspepsia and Rome Criteria Among Japanese Internists by the Self-administered Questionnaires
BACKGROUND/AIMS Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the commonest diseases in the field of Internal Medicine. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) has been enlightening the term and concept of FD. Aim of this survey was to elucidate the understanding status of FD and Rome criteria and attitude toward FD among Japanese internists. METHODS Data were collected at the time of lifelong ...
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